Toxicology

Next generation risk assessment to set the stage for the future

Scientist at a microscope, tissue section in the foreground.
© Fraunhofer ITEM, Ralf Mohr

Fraunhofer ITEM offers comprehensive toxicological expertise for the testing and safety assessment of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices – ranging from exposure characterization and the generation of toxicological data to regulatory consulting and support throughout approval and registration processes. A particular focus lies on inhalation toxicology and the realistic characterization of inhalable substances. State-of-the-art exposure technologies enable the efficient use of very small substance quantities in toxicological studies.

Human-based models and innovative testing strategies

Toxicological research at Fraunhofer ITEM is consistently aligned with the ethical 3R principle. The targeted use of alternative, human-based test systems reduces animal testing while increasing the relevance of results for humans. Established and continuously advanced human in vitro and ex vivo models – including precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) and other human or humanized organ models – are also applied to the testing of biopharmaceuticals and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs).

Next generation risk assessment (NGRA)

In addition to classical toxicology, which remains the regulatory standard, Fraunhofer ITEM contributes to the development of new assessment strategies through its own research projects based on the concept of next generation risk assessment. The aim is to provide predictive models for modern, efficient, and animal-free safety evaluation.

Toxicological effect assessment is supported by omics technologies such as metabolomics and functional genomics, combined with advanced bioinformatic analyses. Database-driven approaches, including the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC), are further developed, for example to identify non-genotoxic carcinogens or to adapt these concepts for applications in the field of medical devices.

Toxicology: recent projects and highlights

 

EU project BORN: Bio-based packaging

In the HORIZON project “BORN – BiObased theRmal-resistaNt food packaging”, with the involvement of Fraunhofer IME and Fraunhofer ITEM, the improved biodegradability and reduced ecotoxicity of newly developed materials are being investigated.

 

EVape helps to improve safety for e-cigarette consumers

Patented system from Fraunhofer ITEM increases consumer safety.

RISK-HUNT3R project

For next generation risk assessment of toxic effects, human-based testing strategies are being developed to reduce, refine and, wherever possible, replace animal testing. 

 

Toxicological risk assessment for PFAS

At Fraunhofer ITEM, we are investigating how PFAS impact people’s health. Our main objective here is to separate the PFAS family into subclasses according to their structures and physical and chemical properties, and use this as a basis for determining limits for safe amounts of ingestion for each subclass. 

 

REGENERAR

The EU project REGENERAR explores epigenetic approaches to brain regeneration. Fraunhofer ITEM researchers are evaluating the safety of nanoparticle-based therapies.

Industrial chemicals in the food chain

The EFSA project investigates new chemical risks in food - researchers are developing analytical methods and assessing the risk.

 

Draft of an EU register for health-based limit values

The European Commission is planning a central database for health-based limit values (HBLVs) as part of the "One substance, one assessment" concept. This structured database will bring together all relevant HBLVs in one easily accessible place.

In-vitro inhalation methods help with safe product development of cosmetic sprays

Titanium dioxide in the scope of toxicologists

Fraunhofer researchers are analyzing various forms of TiO₂ for potential health risks following lung exposure – providing important toxicological data to support its safety assessment.

Cardiotoxicity Testing

At Fraunhofer ITEM, we understand cardiac risks and novel therapies. We offer customized setups - from target identification to early-phase clinical trials.

CLH report template successfully implemented in IUCLID

CLH report templates were integrated into IUCLID to enhance automation and efficiency in data reuse.

 

Project Cell Painting

Scientists from Faunhofer establish a promising tool for next generation risk assessment.

Project ZeroPM

Aimed at reducing the risk of our drinking water resources getting contaminated with persistent, mobile substances (PM).

 

Toxicity of antimony substances

Using Fraunhofer expertise in inhalation studies, from aerosol generation to data analysis, to investigate potential health risks of antimony compound inhalation.

Monitoring oral exposure in the workplace

Occupational health and safety - review and adaptation of sampling methods for assessment of oral exposure.

Understanding Cabin Air Quality

The recently launched research project ”Cabin air quality III“ is aimed at assessing long-term effects of contaminants that aircraft passengers and crew members are exposed to on board.

Project archive

Here you can find more projects sorted by our research and development competences. 

Publications

  • Blümlein, K., Nowak, N., Ellinghusen, B., Gerling, S., Badorrek, P., Hansen, T., Hohlfeld, J. M., Paul, R., Schuchardt, S. (2023). Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in humans after dermal, inhalation and oral uptake - A clinical study. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 100: 104139. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104139 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1382668923000819?via%3Dihub
  • Bowden, A., Escher, S., Rose, J., Sadekar, N., Patlewicz, G., O'Keeffe, L., Bury, D., Hewitt, N. J., Giusti, A., Rothe, H. (2023). Workshop report: Challenges faced in developing inhalation thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC) - State of the science and next steps. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 142: 105434. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105434 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230023001022  - Open Access
  • Dekant, W., Antoniou, E. E., Bosch, A., Bruer, G. G., Colnot, T., Creutzenberg, O., Drexel, C. P., Duffin, R., Krueger, N., Nolde, J., Poland, C., Schaudien, D., Schuster, T. B., Stintz, M., Weber, K., Wessely, B., Zeegers, M. P. (2023). Issues in the inhalation toxicity testing and hazard assessment for low density particulate materials such as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Toxicology Letters [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.002 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378427423000905?via%3Dihub
  • Drake, C., Wehr, M. M., Zobl, W., Koschmann, J., De Lucca, D., Kühne, B. A., Hansen, T., Knebel, J., Ritter, D., Boei, J., Vrieling, H., Bitsch, A., Escher, S. E. (2023). Substantiate a read-across hypothesis by using transcriptome data—A case study on volatile diketones. Frontiers in Toxicology 5: 14p. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1155645 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2023.1155645/full  - Open Access
  • Escher, S. E., Felter, S. P., Hollnagel, H., Boobis, A. R., Yang, C., Rathman, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Batke, M. (2023). Workshop report on the evaluation of the updated and expanded carcinogen database to support derivation of threshold of toxicological concern values for DNA-reactive carcinogens. Altex 40(2): 341-349. doi: 10.14573/altex.2210111 https://www.altex.org/index.php/altex/article/view/2556/2489  - Open Access
  • Lange, F., Koch, W. (2023). Application of Resuspension Data of Respirable Particles for Early Phase Inhalation Following Deposition Contamination in Radiological Emergencies. Health Physics 124(3): 155-165. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001648 https://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Fulltext/2023/03000/Application_of_Resuspension_Data_of_Respirable.1.aspx - Open Access
  • Reamon-Buettner, S. M., Rittinghausen, S., Klauke, A., Hiemisch, A., Ziemann, C. (2024). Malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas of rats induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and amosite asbestos: transcriptome and epigenetic profiles Particle and Fibre Toxicology 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12989-024-00565-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12989-024-00565-x - Open Access
  • Rodríguez, J. M. M., Frisk, A.-L., Kreutzer, R., Lemarchand, T., Lezmi, S., Saravanan, C., Stierstorfer, B., Thuilliez, C., Vezzali, E., Wieczorek, G., Yun, S.-W., Schaudien, D. (2023). European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (Pathology 2.0 Molecular Pathology Special Interest Group): Review of In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Drug Research and Development. Toxicologic Pathology [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1177/019262332311782 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01926233231178282  - Open Access
  • Sanz, F., Pognan, F., Steger-Hartmann, T., Díaz, C., Asakura, S., Amberg, A., Bécourt-Lhote, N., Blomberg, N., Bosc, N., Briggs, K., Bringezu, F., Brulle-Wohlhueter, C., Brunak, S., Bueters, R., Callegaro, G., Capella-Gutierrez, S., Centeno, E., Corvi, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Drew, P., Duchateau-Nguyen, G., Ecker, G. F., Escher, S., Felix, E., Ferreiro, M., Frericks, M., Furlong, L. I., Geiger, R., George, C., Grandits, M., Ivanov-Draganov, D., Kilgour-Christie, J., Kiziloren, T., Kors, J. A., Koyama, N., Kreuchwig, A., Leach, A. R., Mayer, M.-A., Monecke, P., Muster, W., Nakazawa, C. M., Nicholson, G., Parry, R., Pastor, M., Piñero, J., Oberhauser, N., Ramírez-Anguita, J. M., Rodrigo, A., Smajic, A., Schaefer, M., Schieferdecker, S., Soininen, I., Terricabras, E., Trairatphisan, P., Turner, S. C., Valencia, A., van de Water, B., van der Lei, J. L., van Mulligen, E. M., Vock, E., Wilkinson, D. (2023). eTRANSAFE: data science to empower translational safety assessment. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 22(8): 605-606. doi: 10.1038/d41573-023-00099-5 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-023-00099-5
  • Schäferhenrich, A., Blümlein, K., Koch, W., Hahn, S., Schwarz, K., Poppek, U., Hebisch, R., Schlüter, U., Krug, M., Göen, T. (2023). Inhalation and dermal exposure to biocidal products during foam and spray applications. Ann Work Expo Health 67(7): 858-875. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxad037 https://academic.oup.com/annweh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/annweh/wxad037/7221563 - Open Access
  • Schwarz, K., Blumlein, K., Goen, T., Hahn, S., Hebisch, R., Koch, W., Poppek, U., Schaferhenrich, A., Schluter, U., Krug, M. (2023). Aerosol formation during foam application of non-volatile biocidal substances. Ann Work Expo Health 67(6): 731-743. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxad031 https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/67/6/731/7207786 - Open Access
  • Warner, L., Bach-Hagemann, A., Schmidt, T. P., Pinkernell, S., Schubert, G. A., Clusmann, H., Albanna, W., Lindauer, U., Conzen-Dilger, C. (2023). Opening a window to the acutely injured brain: Simultaneous retinal and cerebral vascular monitoring in rats. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 16: 1116841. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1116841 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2023.1116841/full - Open Access